Eritrocitose primária em cão: relato de caso / Primary erythrocytosis in dog: case report

A eritrocitose absoluta primária, também denominada de policitemia vera, é um distúrbio mieloproliferativo crônico de causa desconhecida, caracterizado pela proliferação clonal de células-tronco eritróides neoplásicas. Acomete cães de meia-idade entre seis e sete anos. As manifestações clínicas mais comuns são letargia, fraqueza, poliúria, polidipsia, sangramentos como epistaxe, hematúria, hematoemese, hematoquezia, até mesmo convulsões e ataxia. O diagnóstico é baseado em valores altos de hematócrito, geralmente acima de 70%, excluindo-se as causas de eritrocitose secundária. As concentrações séricas de eritropoietina estão normais ou diminuídas. O tratamento consiste em flebotomia e administração de hidroxiuréia. Relata-se o caso de uma cadela, raça Bichon Frise, 11 anos, que, no início do quadro, apresentou hematócrito de 84%, letargia, ataxia, mucosas congestas, cianose de língua, poliúria e polidipsia. Realizou-se o tratamento com hidroxiuréia durante oito anos, na dose de 15 a 30 mg/kg, a cada 24 horas, sem ocorrência de efeitos colaterais ou recidiva das manifestações clínicas.(AU)

Primary absolute erythrocytosis, also termed polycythemia vera, is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder of unknown cause. It is characterized by clonal proliferation of neoplastic erythroid stem cells. It affects middle-aged dogs between 6-7 years. The most common clinical manifestations are lethargy, weakness, polyuria, polydipsia, and bleeding such as epistaxis, hematuria, hematoemese, and hematochezia. Seizures and ataxia are also common. Diagnosis is based on high hematocrit values, generally above 70% excluding the causes of secondary erythrocytosis. Serum concentrations of erythropoietin are at a normal level or decreased level. Treatments consists of hydroxyurea and phlebotomy management. It is reported that case of female Bichon Frise, 11 years old who onset of the disease had a hematocrit of 84%, lethargy, ataxia, congested mucous membranes, tongue cyanosis, polyuria and polydipsia. The treatment with hydroxyurea was performed for 8 years, at a dose of 15 to 20mg/kg, every 24 hours, without occurrence of side effects or recurrence of clinical manifestations.(AU)

Infecção sistêmica por Mycobacterium avium em cão: relato de caso / Systemic Mycobacterium avium infection in a dog: case report

Infecções sistêmicas causadas pelo complexo Mycobacterium avium em cães são consideradas raras. Em cães e gatos, a infecção resulta da ingestão de carne ou do contato com solo ou fômites contaminados. As manifestações clínicas de cães infectados por M. avium tendem a ser vagas ou ausentes, logo o diagnóstico in vivo torna-se difícil. A suspeita de infecção sistêmica por micobacteriose ocorreu, neste relato, após a identificação de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes na amostra de medula óssea, os quais foram identificados como Mycobacterium avium pelo método molecular de reação em cadeia da polimerase com análise de restrição (PCR-PRA). Este animal apresentava uma aplasia de medula óssea em decorrência de Erhlichia canis, corroborando a maioria dos relatos na literatura em que se associa essa infecção a pacientes imunossuprimidos.

Systemic infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex are considered rare in dogs. In dogs and cats, the infection comes from eating meat or being in contact with contaminated soil or fomites. Clinical manifestations of dogs infected with M. avium tend to be vague or absent, so the diagnosis "in vivo" becomes difficult. Systemic mycobacterial infection was suspected in this report, after the identification of acid-alcohol resistant bacilli in a bone marrow sample which was identified as Mycobacterium avium by the molecular method Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR Restriction Analysis (PCR-PRA). This animal had a bone marrow aplasia due to Erhlichia canis corroborating with most reports in the literature that associate this infection with immunosuppressed patients.

Application of the mammalian glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene for sample quality control in multiplex PCR for diagnosis of leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease endemic in five continents. It is a severe disease that may lead to death, and its early detection is important to avoid severe damage to affected individuals. Molecular methods to detect Leishmania are considered alternatives to overcome the limitations presented by conventional methods. The aim of this study was to develop multiplex PCR systems able to detect small amounts of target DNA of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis, and the gene coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD) in mammals, enabling quality evaluation of the sample simultaneously with detection of the specific target. The systems created for G3PD recognition were combined with detection systems for L. infantum and L. braziliensis to compose multiplex PCR systems for visceral (mVL) and cutaneous (mACL) leishmaniasis diagnosis. The multiplex PCR systems developed were assessed in blood samples from five different species of mammal reservoirs involved in the disease cycle in Brazil, and 96 and 52 human samples from patients with suspected visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), respectively. Three G3PD detection systems were created (G3PD1, G3PD2 and G3PD3) with different product sizes, G3PD2 was chosen for the formation of multiplex PCR systems. The two multiplex PCR systems (mVL and mACL) were reproducible in all species evaluated. Results of test samples (sensitivity, specificity and efficiency) suggest its use in routine diagnosis, research activities in medicine and veterinary medicine. Additionally, the systems designed to detect the G3PD gene are capable of combining with other targets used for molecular diagnosis of infectious diseases. Concerning leishmaniasis, the multiplex PCR systems can be used in epidemiological studies for the detection of new and classic reservoirs, which may contribute to the reliability of results and development of actions to control the disease.(AU)

Transposições tendinosas e terapia de mão: novos resultados / Tendon transposition and hand therapy: new results

Introdução: o tratamento das patologias da mão através da cirurgia de transposição tendinosa requer pro- fundo conhecimento anatômico e fisiológico do membro superior. O terapeuta de mão deve entender os princípios da cirurgia e compreender a alteração que o procedimento provoca na informação cerebral do paciente em relação à movimentação do músculo. Objetivos: apresentar protocolo de trabalho do Serviço de Microcirurgia Reconstrutiva e Terapia Ocupacional do Hospital Cristo Redentor referente à reabilitação após cirurgia de trans- posição tendinosa. Métodos: centímetros Foram tratados sete pacientes, no período de março de 2006 a janeiro de 2007, sendo seis pacientes com lesão de nervo radial e um de mediano. Todos realizaram dois meses de reabilitação pré-operatória e quatro meses de reabilitação pós-operatória. Resultados: resultados satisfatórios, com período de reabilitação mais rápido e retorno da funcionalidade da mão, permitindo aos pacientes retomarem suas atividades. Discussão: centímetros o grande diferencial deste trabalho está na educa- ção pré-operatória dos pacientes, no treino do mecanismo cirúrgico e na simulação de movimentos. No pós- operatório o ganho de tempo é enorme, pois os pacientes sabem quais comandos devem ser treinados para atingir o movimento desejado. Conclusão: a formação da equipe para realizar este trabalho é importante, per- mitindo a obtenção de bons resultados.

Introduction: the tendon transposition surgery to treat the pathologies of the hand requires a profound knowledge of upper limb anatomy and physiology. The hand therapist must understand the principles of surgery and the changes that it causes in patients cerebral information about muscle movement. Objective: introduce the work protocol of rehabilitation after tendon transposition surgery, currently in use at the Center of Reconstructive Microsurgery and Occupational Therapy of Cristo Redentor Hospital. Methods: between March 2006 and January 2007, seven patients were treated, by the same surgeon and hand therapist. Six patients had radial nerve palsy and one had median nerve palsy. All patients had two months of pre-operatory rehabilitation and four months of pos-operatory rehabilitation. Results: satisfactory results, with faster recovery time and hand function return, allowing patients to resume their daily activities. Discussion: the greatest difference about this work is the pre-operatory rehabilitation, the surgery mechanism training and simulation of movements. The reduction recovery time is impressive, because patients already know wich commands they have to exercise to achieve the desired move. Conclusions: the professionals working with this patient have to be carefully selected, so good results can be achieved.

Osteopatia crânio-mandibular. Relato de caso

O artigo não apresenta resumo

Diagnóstico das paralisias flácidas. Relato de três casos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Efeitos do amitraz e da xilazina sobre algumas características fisiológicas de cavalos / Effect of amitraz and xylazine on some physiological variables of horses

Avaliaram-se os efeitos das injeçöes intravenosa (iv) de amitraz (0,1mg/kg) e xilazina (1mg/kg), em cavalos, sobre a atividade cardíaca, freqüência respiratória, atividade motora intestinal, temperatura retal, sudorese e freqüência de apreensäo de alimentos. O amitraz causou diminuiçäo significativa da atividade cardíaca, da freqüência respiratória e da movimentaçäo intestinal, mas esses efeitos näo foram täo pronunciados quanto os causados pela xilazina. O amitraz causou, também, relaxamento significativo da musculatura lisa retal, e um aparente aumento da sudorese e da freqüência de cavalos flagrados mastigando feno. A temperatura retal näo foi influenciada pelo amitraz. Os resultados indicam que o amitraz, na dose utilizada, näo causou efeitos colaterais severos em cavalos

Hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni, at the acute and chronic phases of the disease

Outbred male albino mice normal or infected with 30 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni (LE strain) were submitted to 65 percent hepatectomy during the acute (70 days) and chronic phase (160 days) phases of the disease. A group of the infected animals was treated with 400 mg/kg of oxamniquine during the acute phase before hepatectomy. Non-infected, infected and treated but not hepatectomized animals were kept as controls. Hepatic regeneration was evaluated by incorporation of tritiated thymidine, intraperitoneally injected into non-hepatectomized and hepatectomized animals, 24 hours after surgery. The results showed that removal of 65 percent of the hepatic parenchyma, during the acute phase, led to a statistically significant increase of thymidine incorporation, when compared with the uninfected hepatectomized controls. This phenomenon was not observed at the chronic phase. Treatment with oxamniquine administered during the acute phase led to a decrease in thymidine incorporation rate 160 days after infection (90 days after treatment) and 24 hours after hepatectomy. The data suggest that infection with S. mansoni represents a considerable stimulus for the regenerative capacity of the liver during the acute, but not the chronic phase of disease

Baccilary angiomatosis: negative results using normal Balb/c and Balb/c nude mice

Baccilary angiomatosis has recently been described as a disease that can spread systematically and that is potentially fatal. It is caused by Bartonella henselae and B. quintana, and presents as especially pronounced signs and symptoms in patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To clarify the pathogenesis of the disease and to try to define the relationships among baccilary angiomatosis, cat scratch disease and Carrión's bartonellosis, the authors of this study have attempted to develop an experimental model using mice that were immunocompetent as well as those that had their cellular immunity genetically compromised. A know concentration of B. henselae was inoculated intradermally in Balb/c an isogenic mice or an athymic group of the same lineage. Blood samples were taken on days-0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 28, and 60 after inoculation for indirect immunofluorescence antibody testing. On the 21st and 60th day, one animal from each group was sacrificed and a post mortem carried out including histological evaluation of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, skin and other organs. Hemocultures of the sacrificed animals were collected. All results of serologic response, cultures and histologic examination were negative. The authors discuss the methodology, especially the use of isogenic animals of the same lineage in B. henselae infection, with and without immunodeficiency, and the resources for the negative results of histopathology, serology and cultures.

Percepçäo e registro de abuso de álcool e de doenças relacionadas num hospital geral universitário / Perception and registration of alcohol abuse and alcohol related diseases by nurses and medical staff of an university general hospital

Objetivo. Avaliar a associaçao entre o resultado do teste CAGE aplicado em pacientes internados num hospital geral universitário (Hospital de Clínicas de Porto ALegre - HCPA) e a percepçao e registro de abuso de álcool e de doenças relacionadas pelas equipes de saúde. Pacientes e Métodos. O delineamento envolveu três fases: a) aplicaçao do teste CAGE aos 385 pacientes adultos e adolescentes internados considerados elegíveis para o estudo; b) revisao dos prontuários dos pacientes CAGE-positivo e de um número igual de pacientes CAGE-negativo, estratificados por área de internaçao e sorteados, para identificar hábitos alcoólicos e a presença de doenças relacionadas ao uso de álcool; c) entevista com os membros das equipes médicas responsáveis para avaliar sua percepçao sobre o hábito alcoólico em seu paciente. As diferenças encontradas foram analisadas através do teste Qui-quadrado e do teste t de Student, com significância estatística em nível de 5 por cento bicaudal. Resultados. Foram encontrados 51 pacientes CAGE-positivo (13 por cento). A equipe médica registrou abuso de álcool no prontuário de 51 por cento dos pacientes CAGE-positivo e 10 por cento dos CAGE-negativo, e a equipe de enfermagem fez este registro no prontuário de 31 por cento dos pacientes CAGE-positivo e 8 por cento dos CAGE-negativo (p=.724). Nao houve diferença entre o registro e a percepçao da equipe médica (p=.184). A prevalência de doenças relacionadas ao abuso de álcool foi 27 por cento quando se examinou os prontuários médicos e 26 por cento quando se entrevistou a equipe médica (p=.861), sendo maior entre os pacientes CAGE-poistivo (43 por cento) do que entre os CAGE-negativo (10 por cento) (p=.0003). Conclusoes. O abuso de bebidas alcoólicas e a presença de doenças associadas ao mesmo sao condiçoes prevalentes nos pacientes admitidos ao HCPA. Entretanto, mais de metade dos casos nao foram detectados pela equipe de saúde, havendo correspondência entre os registros de prontuário e a entrevista.

Atherosclerosis and acute arterial thrombosis in rabbits: a model using ballon desendothelization without dietary intervention

Acute thrombosis can be induced in rabbits by a triggering protocol using Russell's viper venom and histamine given after 8 months of a 1 per cent cholesterol diet and balloon desendothelization. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that aortic desendothelization performed 4 months before the triggering protocol without a high cholesterol diet is a highly effective and less expensive way of producing arterial atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Nineteen male New Zealand white rabbits on a normal diet were studied. The control group (N = 9) received no intervention during the 4-month observation period, while the other group (N = 10) was submitted to aortic balloon desendothelization using a 4F Fogarty catheter. At the end of this period, all animals were killed 48 h after receiving the first dose of the triggering treatment. Eight of 10 rabbits (80 per cent) in the balloon-trauma group presented platelet-rich arterial thrombosis while none of the animals in the control group had thrombus formation (P<0.01). Thus, this model, using balloon desendothelization without dietary manipulation, induces arterial atherosclerosis and thrombosis and may provide possibilities to test new therapeutic approaches.

Programa nacional de incentivo ao aleitamento materno: revisão e avaliação das ações nacionais para a implementação dos princípios e objetivos do Código Internacional de comercialização dos substitutos do leite materno / Brazilian breastfeeding promotion programme: revision and evaluation of implementing national actions for the principles and objectives of milk substitutes commercialization International Code

Avalia e revisa os objetivos e princípios das"Normas para a Comercialização de Alimentos para Lactentes", com o objetivo de torná-las mais atuais e eficazes. Aborda também os instrumentos legais de apoio ao aleitamento materno, histórico da sua disseminação e as interfaces das normas com as demais áreas do Programa Nacional de Aleitamento Materno